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The Millennium Dilemma and the Way of China’s Thought
Author: Yao Zhongqiu
Source: The author authorized by the Confucian Network, originally published by “Central Socialism College Newspaper” No. 1, 2021
Abstract: Over the past thousand years, China has suffered a defeat against the Southern ethnic group and the Eastern nation, indicating that China has entered the “Millennium Dilemma” in thinking and politics. The origin is that although Confucianism has a complete ambition to cultivate oneself and govern the country, the dual components of education and politics of scholars are prone to education. Only by neglecting politics can it be built by neglecting the country. The Chinese Marxist theory only adds modern countries to Chinese thinking. The way to further develop Chinese thinking is to further develop Confucianism and the Chinese Marxist doctrine to deepen communication and development, and toward a new global thinking system that takes human beings to be broad and good and coordinated development as the center.
Keywords: Millennium Dilemma; Confucianism; Chinese Marxism; Chinese Thought
In the past thousand years, China suffered two defeats: First, the Huaxia Dynasty was defeated by the southern tribes twice, and then China was defeated in the Eastern Region and became a semi-colonial region. This “millennium failure” is a manifestation of the “millennium predicament” in thinking and politics. Fortunately, due to the 20th century thinking and politics, China has come out of a failure and has initially become rich and strong. Compared with the two, the source of the “thousand-year dilemma” has already appeared. This article briefly describes this and follows the logic of Chinese thinking that was reborn in the later generations, exploring its path to development in a larger world system.
―, The Thousand Years of Defeat since the Song Dynasty
Since the Song Dynasty, China has suffered two serious military failures, and the civilization has entered a serious crisis.
The first category was defeated, and the Song and Ming dynasties were successively subdued by the Southern tribes. The “disaster” here is both absolute and relative to the Zhou, Qin and Han Tang: in the late period, China was also facing the pressure of the southern tribes going south, but despite the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty could still support it, and there was also Qi Huan and Yan Wen respecting the king and expelling the barbarians; the Qin and Han troops even penetrated the grasslands and defeated the Huns; the Tang Dynasty also defeated the Turkic Empire that swept the grasslands. The fate of Song and Ming dynasties was completely opposite. Of course, the Chinese and Xia people have achieved great political integration today, and from a long period of history, the dynasties established by Mongolia and Mori have made great contributions to the development of Chinese civilization. But at that time, these two failures could be caused by the collapse of the sky and the earth. The inner pain of the literati at the end of the Song Dynasty and Wang Chuanshan, Huang Lizhou and others in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties could be caused by the heart. According to the views of many scholars, these two failures have also caused China to clearly setbacks or regress in civilization, politics and other aspects.
The second category was defeated. Since 1840, China has been invaded by the list of strong forces and has been willing to sign and refused to accept the contract. China was originally the leader of the order of Eastern Asia, and since then it became a foreign country in the modern world system dominated by the European, American and Italian forces. mostBut, japan (Japan) was originally a country in the Chinese civilization circle. It was later in power and invaded by China, but its reaction was more useful. It was the first to become rich and strong in East Asia, and instead defeated China, almost killing China. Under the pressure of imperialism, China’s position is becoming increasingly outward, and the original economic division of labor and trade system collapsed, gradually becoming one of the most difficult countries in the world.
Where is the origin of this thousand-year failure? Of course there is more than one end, but there is one thing that cannot be denied: in the past thousand years, Confucianism has arranged comprehensively in all areas of society. The establishment of science and technology in the early Sui and Tang Dynasties comforted the popularization of Confucian education and guidance, and the scholars were largely promoted; the Song Dynasty advocated martial arts, and greatly expanded the number of scholars. The channels for scholars to enter the bureau were more open, forming a relatively pure “scholars’ bureau”; the Ming Dynasty even saw that the emperor did not attend court for several decades and the political affairs and movements turned normal. It can be seen that the establishment of the scholars’ bureau was quite complete and the operation was extremely orderly. With the help of the education implemented by the country, Confucian values deeply penetrate into various groups of the society and comprehensively shape the energy of the people. Confucian scholars have developed useful leadership influence in the basic society. Overall, the Song and Ming dynasties were relatively complete Confucian societies and Confucius countries, and the scholars had sufficiently exerted leadership and influence. The situation in the Qing Dynasty was slightly special: in the late period, it was full of the Mongolian military’s powerful power; but by the middle period, the scholars and servants had already distributed the power of friends; the army formed by the leadership of the Zeng Guofan vassal and the agricultural community pacified the Chengping Heavenly Kingdom, and the power of the Han people increased rapidly. By the late Qing Dynasty, the basic state of the scholars and the management of the basic organizational autonomy of the scholars was restored. It was this game that suffered a strong attack from the Eastern Rankings and suffered a defeat.
So, in the past thousand years, there were two extremely serious historical phenomena: Confucianism and the scholars they have cultivated were in the leading position in various areas of the country; facing various internal affairs, the country suffered defeat. Is there a causal relationship between these two co-developed phenomena? Should the Confucian scholars and the Confucianism behind them bear responsibility for the Millennium Desperation? Of course, we can find out various reasons for these failures. For example, there were no 16 states of Yanyun in the Song Dynasty, and the predecessors established the most powerful grassland army in history, etc. However, the fact that the two and three similar failures may be enough to illustrate that the country has serious shortcomings in political management concepts, system and strategy; the Confucian scholars are important leaders, and their power comes from grasping the Confucian classics and practices. They also manage the society with the value of Confucianism and the system and policies they designed. Based on such logical links, a more reliable causal relationship can be established between the millennium failure and Confucianism. This is the starting point of the discussion on this money article: Confucianism, which was in the leading position in the Song and Ming dynasties, had serious shortcomings, which led to the failure of the scholars responsible for leading countries to respond to the long-term problems facing China.
2. The dual nature of the scholar and the education and political balance.
Song Ming Si is a Confucian scholarThe obvious shortcomings expressed in the evolution process are in the Confucian thinking system, but are clearly expressed by the expansion of the human power of scholars.
Song Confucians widely regarded Confucius as the world and divided historical plans into three generations and three generations later: the three generations are the world of gifts, and the three generations are divided into the system of gifts and the system. In the words of “Zhang Xueqing”: In the three generations, “governance and teaching are neither two, and officials and teachers are united”; after Confucius, “the king and teachers are separated, but the governance and teaching are not in harmony.” [1] The various classical civilizations of human beings have undergone such great changes, and the differentiation of education and politics, and have evolved in a single time.
On the one hand, Confucius described the Six Books, and used it to teach students to be the righteous and righteous people, creating a professional education system. With the prophets of the Eastern civilizations who created the Divine religion or philosophers to develop philosophy, Confucius created the “culture and education”. The people he cultivated took it as their responsibility to govern the country with a strong family and pacify the whole country. Therefore, they entered the world and were eager to make politics and change the society.
On the other hand, the increasingly complex and cruel war broke the original level system, promoted social equalization, and comforted all countries to establish a modern system: the “family all system” of the local government, the financial tax system for the wider class tax of the local government and buying and selling activities, the regular and professionaliz
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